Western Ideals Essay Example

Western Ideals Essay The Western Evils The infiltration of western ideals into the Japanese Culture had forever changed customs and traditions of the Japanese society as a whole. Yet was it as it was stated in a 1941 pamphlet issued by the Japanese Ministry of Education entitled â€Å"The Way of the Subjects. † â€Å"this country has been widely seeking knowledge in the world since the Meiji Restoration, thereby fostering and maintaining the prosperity of the state. With the influx of European and American culture in this country, however, individualism, liberalism, utilitarianism and materialism began to assert themselves, so that the traditional character of the country was much impaired and the virtuous habits and customs bequeathed by our ancestors were affected unfavorably† Had the infiltration of individualism,liberalism,utilitarianism and materialism corrupt the once glorious and honorable society of Japan? Or perhaps had it enlightened their society to a new way of thinking? To answer these questions Id like to give a brief highlight of how women were viewed in Japanese Culture prior to the infiltration of the western ideology. To do so I will be referencing Andrew Gordons book entitled: A Modern History of Japan. To start off Id to address the role of women prior to the infiltration of western ideology. More precisely the the views of the Orthodox in the Tokugawa society, that being that â€Å"women should be kept ignorant and in the kitchen. †[1] However that wasnt the case rather it was that this belief was more to keep women as submissive an obedient . We will write a custom essay sample on Western Ideals specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Western Ideals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Western Ideals specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was further brought out that women worked as managers of farms for the wealthy in addition to their regular household duties. [2] So exactly how did this system change after the infiltration of the western ideology? Well to answer this question Im going to reference Funichiro Tanizakis book entitled: Some Prefer Nettles and Nakano Makikos book entitled: Makikos Diary. When we look upon the example set by Makiko in Nakano Makikos book entitled: Makikos Diary, we can see no change in the sense of a submissive an obedient partner. An example of this can be taken from how Makikos spouse frequently parties and she waits up for him every night. [3] However the change that is displayed by Makiko is that of becoming more materialistic. This can be seen through out the text as she speaks of the gifts that they had received an especially when she talks about the camera that they had came to posses. [4] So what of the example set forth by Funichiro Tanizakis book entitled: Some Prefer Nettles? Well as seen in the beginning of the book Kanames wife Misako was anything but loyal. This is clearly show through the fact that his wife had another lover by the name of Aso. [5] Another theme that found its way through this book as well is the materialistic desires of the people in their society. A picture is painted through the illustration of the prostitute that Kaname goes to see by the name of louise. In the book it speaks of how she has a taste for things western and of course money. [6] Given these examples can it honestly be said that the infiltration of western ideology had corrupted the Japanese Culture? Well as we can clearly see, yes there was a big difference between what was acceptable prior to the infiltration of western ideology, then to as it was after. However to say that it was because of the infiltration of western ideology that made this all come to be is rather a foolish statement. The fact is that these ideologies; individualism, liberalism, utilitarianism and materialism are merely nothing more then human nature. It can honestly be said that with the infiltration of western ideology the Japanese people were allowed to be more free to express themselves more freely then before. Then again I maybe wrong, partly because according to the Japanese Ministry of Education I have been corrupted by these western evils. [1]Andrew Gordon: â€Å"A Modern History of Japan† (Oxford University Press,2009), 32 [2]Gordon, 33 [3]Nakano Makiko, â€Å" Makikos Diary†(Stanford University Press,1982),102 [4]Makiko,150-152 [5]Funichiro Tanizaki, â€Å"Some Prefer Nettles† (First Vintage International Edition,1955),4 [6]Tanizaki,165-171

Biography of Bob Dylan

Biography of Bob Dylan Free Online Research Papers Duluth Minnesota, May 24th 1941 Robert Allen Zimmerman (Bob Dylan) was born. 69 Years and over 45 albums later Bob Dylan has completely altered the face of popular music since his debut as a fresh faced folk singer in 1962. His early career forged him into an informal chronicler and then he later developed into an apparently reluctant figurehead of social unrest [Gray, 2006] and became a voice for a generation. His songs have been covered by many artists in a wide span of genres and he has remained a prominent and highly influential figure in the history of popular music over the past five decades. [Gates, David, 1997] In the early sixties, before Bob Dylan emerged, the concept of folk and rock fusing was ludicrous. Folk prided itself on its ‘purity’ and diversion from mainstream culture while rock was deemed vulgar and commercial, apathetic with the more topical matters in folks lyrics. [AMG, 2002]. Woody Guthrie’s reinvention of the folk ballad as a form of social commentary and protest in the 30’s and 40’s and Pete Seeger, from his success with the Weavers in the late 40’s, through to his government blacklisting in the 50’s to the 60’s when he became a cultural hero through his outspoken commitment to the antiwar and civil rights struggles.[various authors, 2001] both laid an extensive framework for emerging folk, rock and popular music artists to utilise music as a medium of self expression and protest. Little Richard’s ‘Awopbopaloobopawopbamboom’ â€Å"distilled rock and roll into a ten syllable yawp† [Charles B ottomley, 2005] and established the rebellious spirit still imbued in rock and roll and the partying youth culture which has endeared in the genre till this day. [Various Authors, 2002]. Initially Bob Dylan had more of a social impact that a commercial impact. He proved to have longevity of career in a time when rock was deemed ephemeral and his incessant touring; such as ‘The Never Ending Tour’ of June 1988 established a new type of touring and a new vessel for mass communication of music. [Various Authors, 2001] He changed from an initially young folk audience yearning for protest songs and justice to a more commercial rock audience. His socially conscious and politically motivating lyrics appealed to the folk crowd who consciously turned away from mainstream culture. He appeared at cause concerts and voter registrations and began to receive acclamation as the voice for a generation. [Bob Dylan Live 1966, 1998] and provided a clue into the workings of an increasingly disenfranchised youth culture. [Author Unknown, Bob Dylan Bio]. He also assisted in the creation of folk rock and even hip hop and rap in some of his music, such as his 1965 tour of Englan d â€Å"Don’t Look Back† with its free association lyrics harking back to the manic energy of ‘beat poetry’ a forerunner to rap and hip hop. [Marquesee, 2005]. He helped fuse and subsequently create the genre of folk rock. Rock was often the more prominent genre however the folk lyrics dealing with topical concerns were grafted into rocks commercially successful guitar patterns and melodies. This helped to expand the sonic and lyrical vistas of rock [Various Authors, 2002]. His lyrics were the first in rock to be considered literature and â€Å"By personalizing folk songs Dylan reinvented the singer songwriter genre†. [Various Authors, 2001]. He rewrote the rulebook of pop music [Robert Dimery, 2005] introducing confessionals, stream of consciousness and hallucinatory imagistic song writing into the rock music lexicon and pioneered emotional expression and idiosyncratic lyrics into rock. [Various Authors, 2002] He made rock a medium for self express ion and protest more potent and expressive than any other medium. [Various Authors, 2001] Bob Dylan completely rewrote the rulebook for pop music [Robert Dimery, 2005] and to this day his music has â€Å"Laid down the template for lyric, tune, seriousness, spirituality, depth of rock music† [Joe Strummer, 2001]. Dylan marked a pivotal turning point in the 20th century evolution of rock music, turning more traditional folk, protest songs, into a more introspective form of songwriting. â€Å"The Beatles shift towards more introspective songwriting in the 60’s would never have happened without him† [V.Bogdanov, 2002]. Artists such as John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Neil Young, Bruce Springsteen, David Bowie, Patti Smith, Joni Mitchell and Tom Waits all acknowledge the profound impact Dylan had on the industry and themselves as artists. â€Å"Bob Dylan, Ill never be Bob Dylan. Hes the master. If Id like to be anyone, its him. And hes a great writer, true to his music and done what he feels is the right thing to do for years and years and years. Hes great. H es the one I look to†. [Neil Young, 2005]. Dylan encapsulated a generations hunger for change, challenged the social and political status quo but interestingly seemingly rejected this status after receiving the ‘Tom Paine Award’ from the National Emergency and Civil Liberties Committee he drunkenly questioned the role of the committee and claimed to see something of himself and everyone in JFK’s alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald [Andrew Loog Olham, 2005]. In 1965 The Byrds cover of his song Mr. Tambourine Man helped to propel not only The Byrds to super stardom but established the folk rock genre. [V.Bogdanov, 2002]. His verbal sophistication drew comparison to the romantic poets and much literary criticism artists still strive to attain today. His launch of Theme Time Radio Hour for XM Satellite Radio helped him to establish the â€Å"musical world without borders† [Peter Guralnick] and continue to communicate his voice of morality over radio as he did as a young folk artist. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and a Grammy for lifetime achievement in 1991. He not only managed to help launch a genre but shift the paradigm that musicians had to have good vocals but established the importance of material over delivery. [Rough Guide to Rock, 1996]. He was included in the Time 100: Most important people of the century where in summary of his achievements he was called: â€Å"A master poet, caustic social critic and intrepid, guiding spirit of the counterculture generation†. [Jonathon Duffy, 2005]. Dylan â€Å"forged a coherent and original artistic voice and vision† [Donald Macleod, 2004]. Over his 50 years in the industry he launched the genre of folk rock, rebelled against his original folk audience to follow his artistic desires into the commercialised rock industry and managed to maintain longevity of career when it was thought impossible. He completely rewrote the rules for pop musicians and still remains a prominent influence in the lives of artists to this day. He was a voice for a generation, with supremely honest and direct music with no self pity, music â€Å"packed with bittersweet observations of an emotional hurricane† [Rough Guide to Rock, 1996] â€Å"Surreal yet perceptive, Dylan’s poetic observations suggest that the ‘voice of a generation’ tag is more deserved for charting an ages inner beliefs than protesting its political beliefs†. [Robert Dimery, 2005] REFERENCE LIST ? (All) The People,1996, The Rough Guide to Rock, Rough Guides Ltd, 1 Mercer St London (270-274) ? . Time interview with Neil Young, September 28, 2005. Reproduced online :Tyrangiel, Josh (September 28, 2005). Resurrection of Neil Young. Time. ? Author Unknown, 2008, Bob Dylan and Social Consciousness: Critical Issues, viewed 16/3/10 [http://transcriptions.english.ucsb.edu/archive/topics/infoart/Dylan/issues.html] ? Author Unknown, No Date, Bob Dylan Biography, viewed 16/3/10 [bandbiographies.com/bob_dylan/biography.htm] ? BBC News, Bob Dylan: His Legacy to Music. May 29, 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/talking_point/1349116.stm. Retrieved October 5, 2008. (19/3/2010) ? Bob Dylan, 1998, Live 1966 The Bootleg Series Vol. 4, Sony Music Entertainment, Sydney Australia ? Bob Dylan, 2005, No Direction Home The Soundtrack Bootleg Series Vol. 7, Sony Music Entertainment, Sydney Australia [liner notes by Andrew Loog Olham] ? Bob Dylan, 2008, Tell Tale Signs Rare and Unreleased Bootleg Series Vol. 8, Sony BMG Music, Sydney Australia ? Duffy, Jonathan (September 23, 2005). Bob Dylan- why the fuss?. BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4274190.stm. Retrieved October 5, 2008. ? Gates, David (October 6, 1997). Dylan Revisited. Newsweek. newsweek.com/id/97107/output/print, ? Gray, 2006, The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia, pp. 63–64. ? MacLeod, Donald (July 13, 2004). Ricks profile: Someones gotta hold of his art. The Guardian. guardian.co.uk/education/2004/jul/13/academicexperts.highereducationprofile. Retrieved September 7, 2008. ? Marqusee, Mike, 2005, Wicked Messenger, Seven Stories Press, 140 Watts Street; New York ? Robert Dimery, (Charles Bottomley), 2005, 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, ABC Books, Sydney; Australia (87, 347, 75, 60-61, 81, 822, 816) ? Various Authors, 2001, The Rolling Stone Encyclopaedia of Rock and Roll, 3rd edition, Rolling Stone Press, United States of America (286-288) ? Various Authors, 2002, The All Music Guide to Rock, Backbeat Books, San Fransisco Research Papers on Biography of Bob DylanHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

What You Can Learn From Obamas Biggest Failure

What You Can Learn From Obamas Biggest Failure Everybody fails. Even the fanciest and most successful of celebrities, historical figures, and our most idolized idols. Including the President of the United States, Barack Obama. Here’s a look at Obama’s biggest failure in his career and how it paved his path to the presidency. You know Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States and an all-around successful  guy, helping dig the economy out of it’s 2008 chasm, presiding over recovery, stimulating job growth, improving global opinion, etc., But did you know that he was once a big fat failure? Really.He lost. Big time.His first bid for national office was a total flop. Having spent two terms in the Illinois Senate, he made a run for Congress in 2000- running as a practical nobody against an opponent who was both a household name and had a 70% approval rating. His first failure was choosing the race. His second? The race itself. He lost by 31 points.Part of this was out of his control. His opponentâ €™s son was shot and killed during the campaign. And while Obama suspended his campaign for a month and worked to help champion gun control legislation, circumstances found him stuck in Hawaii caring for his sick daughter when the vote occurred. The story told by the news media? He was lounging on a beach instead of helping to make Illinois a safer place.He made up for it.What matters is what he did with that failure. First he went back to the state Senate, then he ran successfully for U.S. Senate in 2004. Somewhere in there he retooled his message, shooting bigger and higher, focusing on hope. He wrote his book, The Audacity of Hope, and set his sights on the presidency.Without that one humbling failure, Obama may never have had to do the kind of soul-searching and message re-thinking he did in 2002. The next time you fail, take a few steps back and remember how a guy from Chicago went from getting spanked in a run for Congress, and turning that failure into the spectacular suc cess of a two-term presidency of the United States.President Obama: A Profile in Failure

Nursing Practice. Roy Adaptation Model Research Paper

Nursing Practice. Roy Adaptation Model - Research Paper Example Adaptation is defined by RAM as the process and outcome, in which thinking and feeling of persons utilize conscious awareness to fashion integration between human perception and their environment. The paper explores the efficacy and application of Roy Adaptation Mode within the nursing practice. Roy Adaptation Model # 1a Summary of the Theory Roy’s adaptation model was advanced by Sr. Callista Roy and sums up as one of the broadly applied nursing models in nursing practice, education and research. The theory approaches nursing as the science that broadens adaptive abilities and promotes individual and environmental alteration. According to RAM, nursing goals pursue promotion of adaptation for persons and groups in four adaptive modes that contribute in the promotion of health, quality of life and dying with dignity (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). Adaptation in this case is manifested by four interconnected modes of behavior: physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes. RAM promotes nurse’s capabilities to enhance a person’s interaction with the environment to avail of an effective adaptation. According to RAM, an individual is described as an adaptive system capable of responding to diverse internal and external environment stimuli whether positively or negatively (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). ... Roy adaptation model (RAM) is useful as it guides nursing practice and avails scientific knowledge for practice. The model has been essential in organizing nursing education, clinical assessment and intervention (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). RAM comes out as an applicable, flexible and valuable model that can be employed in diverse aspects of nursing research. #1c Limitations of the Theory RAM has inspired the development of various middle range nursing theories. RAM arrangement of concepts is logical; however, the empirical precision of some terms and concepts is inadequate to mirror nursing disciplines. This may decrease the clarity of the model when employed in any specialized area of practice. The theory manifests explicit assumptions. These include the individual is mainly a bio-psycho-social being; the individual is in a continuous interaction with a changing environment; in order to cope with the changing world, individual usually employ both innate and acquired mec hanisms that are characteristically biological, psychological and social; health and illness are un avoidable dimensions in an individual’s life and in order to react positively to environmental changes, individuals must adapt (Clarke, Barone, Hanna & Senesac, 2011). # 2a Articles from the Nursing Literature that discusses RAM The application of RAM differs from one design to another depending on the predicted goals and the form of adaptation level required for monitoring. In the outlined studies, RAM plays a critical role in shaping research direction and the adaptation of participants. Huang, Carter & Guo (2004) study sought to estimate daytime sleepiness and measure factors unsettling the adaptation of sleep loss during the early postpartum

You are hired as a consultant by Alpha Omega Technical Industries ( Case Study

You are hired as a consultant by Alpha Omega Technical Industries ( TechInd) - Case Study Example The company, ΑÎ ©Ã‚  TechInd, has been enjoying huge vertical growth over the past six months, and this paper provides a network solution for satisfying these demands. First, ΑÎ ©Ã‚  TechInd must recognize, as well as understand, its vertical market segments as spread out in such cities as Miami, Rio de Janeiro, Frankfurt, Dubai, and Shanghai in addition to its Los Angeles headquarters. This will assist in targeting a specific clientele base where the company has sufficient expertize or experience. Operations in the channel of a vertical market require an understanding of that sector. ΑÎ ©Ã‚  TechInd has to understand the diverse trends, compliance and regulatory challenges, competitive tendencies, terminology, as well as other core business milieu attributes. Precisely, specializing in vertical market growth will assist ΑÎ ©Ã‚  TechInd in understanding its market and commodities, bringing additional insight towards its customers, as well as becoming an essential ingredient of its business operations. Existence of viable and logical divisions of data storage and search to enhance splitting of data remains a central idea of this system. Such a logical division could play an integral role in avoiding duplication of files on the server as staff members are left with the option of guessing where they should put their information. This paper supports the idea of saving on space via acquisition of several servers to be coordinated from the head office in order to avoid running out of space. Such servers could offer an effective platform for file sharing across the organizational spread. This would prevent staff members from storing their work information on their personal machines or lacking trust in the file server (Cyber Security, 2007). Importantly, any database can become unfeasible due to software or hardware failure, or both. Furthermore, it

Charles Perrault Bio Essay Example for Free

Charles Perrault Bio Essay Charles Perrault is a famous French poet and author recognized for writing the Mother Goose fairy tales. He was the seventh child from his father Pierre Perrault and mother Paquette Le Clerc, born on January 12 of 1628 in Paris, France and then died and indefinite death which means it is undefined that was on May 16, 1703. He was a Roman Catholic. He married Marie Guichon in 1672 when she was nineteen years old, with her he had three children and when delivering the third one Marie passed while giving birth in 1678, which left them to be married for only six years. After her death Perrault never remarried. Career wise Perrault didn’t start out as a poet; he was actually a lawyer who was in charge of royal buildings in 1660. Perrault also took a huge share in the making of the Academy of Sciences and the renewal of the Academy of Painting. But then later on he worked in the Academic Franà §aise where he played an important role of literacy disagreement as many know today had to do with the clash between the Ancients and the Moderns, to which Charles coincided with the Moderns. Perrault then decided he was going to spend the rest of his lifetime promoting the education of literature and the arts. Where then he started to become a well-known as a poet with stories such as â€Å"Red Riding Hood†, â€Å"Puss in Boots†, â€Å"Cinderella†, and â€Å"Donkeyskin†. â€Å"Donkeyskin† is a famous French literacy and was republished by Perrault in 1697 with a little help from Andrew Lang another popular poet. â€Å"Donkeyskin† was the French version of Cinderella. There are plenty of versions of â€Å"Donkeyskin† but Perrault’s is the most well-known and made him popular.

Comparing Natural Law to Legal Realism in the case of Carlton versus Wa

In the case of Carlton vs. Walkovzsky, I will discuss facts, main legal issues, majority decisions and reasons for the dissent. This case took place on September 26, 1966 in the court of Appeals of New York. Judge Fuld J wrote the majority decision, while Judge Keating wrote the dissenting decision in the case. I will be applying Natural Law and Legal Realism to the case to argue my position, and ultimately prove that the theory of Natural Law is more applicable to the case. According to the facts in this case, Walkovszky was hit by a cab four years ago in New York and the cab was negligently operated by defendant Marches. The defendant Carlton, who is being sued, owned and ran the cab company in which he set up ten corporations, including Seon. Each of the corporations had two cabs registered in its name. The minimum automobile liability insurance required by the law was $10,000. According to the opinion of the court the plaintiff asserted that he is also ?entitled to hold their stock holder personally liable for damages, because multiple corporate structures constitutes an unlawful attempt to defraud the general member of the public.? The main legal issue before the court arises, in determining whether liability should be extended to reach assets beyond those belonging to the corporation and whether the corporate veil should be pierced with regard to personal liability to others. Judge Flud wrote the majority decision in the case, and found that Carlton was not personally liable for the damages to Walkovszky. Flud also found that in his reasoning, Walkovsky has ?failed to state a valid cause of action against defendant Carlton?. Flud states that if the corporation ... ...ook at the fact that he had enough money to put forward to his liability insurance. However, he chose not to and he stayed with the minimum amount, which Carlton knew would not be enough to cover any sufficient damages of an injury. In referring Legal Realism to this case, Legal Realism can be defined as the way judges formulate law from their own personal conception of justice, not from precedent or rules. Each decision involves a personal choice. Judge Flud gave the majority decision in the case and his decision is that Carlton came from a higher background. Flud?s background already holds a high status in society, therefore it affected his decision in the case in favor of Carlton and not Walkovszky. This higher status enabled Fuld to appreciate Carlton?s perspective and what it might mean if Walkovszky was able to piece the corporate veil.

Medical Advances in China Essay

The main reason why humans contract any form of illness is because these two aspects lose harmony. Looked at from the recovery function of organs, Yang functions to protect from harm from outside forces while Yin protects from the inside and provides energy for its counterpart. Another principle that the Chinese medicine culture follows is that of basic substance. â€Å"Doctors of traditional Chinese medicine believe that vital energy, energetic particles, state of blood, and body fluid are the essential substances that composed together to form the human body, and the basis for internal organs to process. 1These substances are channeled along a network within the body. On the physical aspect of this principle, the vital energy serves to promote and warm which belongs to the properties of Yang. The blood and body fluid to moisten organs possess the properties of Yin. Many of these principles are connected to heal an individual. Although these principles and theories seem almost dera nged to the Western population of the world, many doctors still use these techniques today in modern time. Many traditional Chinese medicine doctors can cure countless patients without any aid from apparatuses or medical instruments but only a physical exam. They follow four methods of diagnosis, these four methods consist of: observation, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, pulse taking and palpation. The method of observation indicates to the doctor to directly watch the outward appearance to know a patient’s condition. The exterior and interior correspond immediately, for example, when the inner organs run wrongly, it will be shown through the skin, tongue and facial sensory organs. The method of auscultation and olfaction is a way for doctors to collect data through hearing the sounds of the body and smelling the odors of the body. The method of interrogation suggests that doctors question the patient and his or her relatives to know the symptoms and evolution of the illness or disease and previous treatments. The taking of the pulse and or palpation allows for the doctor to note the pulse condition of patients on the radial artery. Doctors believe that when the organic function is normal, the pulse, frequency, and intention of pulse will be relatively stable, and when not, variant. †1 When treating a disease traditional Chinese medicine doctors combine all the collected facts from the four methods of diagnosis to analyze the source and merit of the disease. The doctors then make sure what prescription should be given. In traditional Chinese medicine science, the drugs prescribed are different from the West, because doctors have discovered the medicinal e ffects of thousands of herbs over a long period of time. Before taking the medicine, the patient would have to boil it. There were and are many different ways to fight illnesses and infections through acupuncture and massage. Today though, western medicine has been adopted, and traditional treatments are still playing an important role and have raise large quantities of attention and interest worldwide due to the amazing curative effects reported. While Chinese medicine began long ago, the acupuncture and herbology taught in China today is dramatically different from its traditional practice. The last 150 years have had a greater impact on its evolution that at any other time in its history. † 2 To understand Chinese medicine today, one must glance back to the 1800’s. China was under the rule of a corrupt and weak Qing Dynasty and foreign powers were occupying its territory and the Opium War ensured an epidemic of addiction throughout its population. The Chinese began to face the harsh reality that its culture was not as stron g or as powerful compared to the foreign countries that they considered unequal. They came to believe that China had been focused on the achievements of its past, whereas foreign powers were focusing on developing the new. They saw that China’s closed borders policy to the outside world had kept it from the inventions and discoveries of the times and believed China had to modernize in order to remain a sovereign power of influence. †2 This movement grew until finally the Imperial court was overthrown and the Republic of China was founded by Sun Zhongshan and the Nationalist Party in 1911. The desire to modernize also came with a distrust of China’s traditional knowledge. There was great backlash and outrage to the practice of traditional medicine and in 1928, the Nationalist government declared the practice of Chinese medicine illegal, believing that it was superstitious and confusing compared to the growing influence of penicillin based western medicine. Penicillin was introduced from the west and was a miracle for the Chinese. Although they were unsuccessful at completely outlawing Chinese medicine, it was forbidden in hospitals and government organized health facilities. Then, a lot changed in the country when the Japanese invaded. As Communism began to gain momentum, a civil war was unleashed on an already weak country. When the Communists came out of war victorious and founded the People’s Republic of China in 1949, traditional knowledge and teaching methods had already undergone 100 years of hardship and change. In the first years of the People’s Republic of China, the Ministry of Health simply continued the policies that existed previously towards Chinese medicine. However, as poverty and illness left from years of war became apparent, the government encouraged any type of medicine, Chinese or Western. In order to regain control, a Cultural Revolution was launched which divided doctors who believed in traditional theories with those who followed current scientific models of the West. At the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976, the traditional doctors were replaced by a much younger generation of doctors who were convinced that a new biomedical research based medicine would be far better to its traditional origins. Today China is the world’s fastest growing consumer market and it has a population of over a billion people. ‘Traditional’ medicine has become a highly profitable and often fraudulent market as the Chinese seek treatments for issues such as obesity, impotence, high blood pressure, diabetes and beauty enhancement. Chinese medicine, ‘cure-all’ pills have flooded the marked and clinics while specialists are popping up everywhere. â€Å"The increase of traditional Chinese medicine institutions and professionals is unprecedented since the founding of new China. 3 The science of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology has rapidly developed. Many achievements have been obtained in treatment of common diseases such as cardio-cerebro-vascular disease, immunogenic diseases, tumors, bone fractures and continuous progress has been in the exploration and experimentation of traditional folk therapies, preparation and dose-form medication of Chinese medical h erbs, raising the healing capacity of traditional Chinese medicine and drugs and enlarging the area of their services. Historically, Chinese Medicine was practiced largely from generation to generation within a family. The techniques and knowledge required to practice acupuncture or herbal medicine were transmitted from parent to child in the form of an apprenticeship type relationship. This knowledge was passed down from family to family to continue the practice. Because of the way knowledge transmitted the science of Chinese Medicine, different styles of its practice emerged. At the time of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, a decision was made to standardize the practice of Chinese Medicine. This was carried out by looking at the various family lineages and taking out from them what they had in common and eliminating that what the Communist government considered to be too overtly â€Å"spiritual,† and naming the ending collection of knowledge and techniques â€Å"Traditional Chinese Medicine†. â€Å"From this historical movement the â€Å"officially-approved† version of Chinese Medicine, which would be taught largely in government, sponsored schools instead of within a family-based apprentice system. † One advantage of this standardization of medicine was that it made it more clear as to what the most commonly-agreed techniques were between Western and Chinese doctors and eliminating the more odd variations that may have appeared that they did not agree upon. A disadvantage of the standardization was that it divided the medicine from its spiritual roots. â€Å"Modern practitioners wishing to bring back the spiritual roots and the knowledge and techniques associated with it, often name themselves as practitioners of Classical Chinese Medicine (the form of the medicine prior to the Cultural revolution) or Five Element Practitioners. 4 Generally speaking, a Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioner will rely mostly upon a unique diagnostic guideline while a Five Element practitioner relies upon a Five Element diagnostic framework. â€Å"A Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioner pays more attention to physical symptoms and creates treatments to eliminate the symptoms. A Five Elemen t practitioner, on the other hand, tend to be more attentive to the emotional and spiritual aspects of the imbalance they detect in the body, and aim their treatments at the root cause of disharmony. 4 There is a lot of distinct variety among different practitioners. This is what makes Chinese Medicine powerful; it is the insight that the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of an individual are always connected. In terms of the practicalities of receiving Chinese Medical training in the West today, a large majority of Chinese Medical schools and licensing exams are now based upon the traditional Chinese Medicine model. Traditional Chinese medicine today is based on standardization efforts that took place in China in the 1950’s with the creation of traditional Chinese medicine colleges. In the 1990’s, traditional Chinese medicine was changed into a semi-private industry and was promoted in global health markets. †4 Revenue from traditional Chinese m edicine hospitals in China has reached to an astonishing $25. 7 billion in 2012. Many of China’s medical companies are the forefront of global science and acupuncture has become one of the most widely spread element of traditional Chinese medicine practiced in the West, using the medical instrument of small needles placed into the skin. Acupuncture needles used to be created out of Bian stones and pottery. Eventually metal needles began to appear and these needles to eventually became the classic ‘nine needles’. These needles were each designed to carry out different functions and aid the body in different but effective forms. Presently, the needles used for acupuncture are made out of filliform while others have been replaced by more advanced surgical instruments. The ‘nine needles’ were initially made out of bronze, gold or silver. Some acupuncturists today still use gold and silver needles but the majority of acupuncturists use only steel filliform needles. In 1950 Chairman Mao officially united Traditional Chinese Medicine with Western Medicine and acupuncture became established in many hospitals. â€Å"In the late 50’s and 60’s, research continued into acupuncture with further study of ancient texts, clinical effects of acupuncture on various diseases, and the development of acupuncture anesthesia. †5 From the 1970’s to the present, acupuncture continues to play an important role in China’s medical system. China has been a leader in researching all aspects of acupuncture and its clinical effects. Although acupuncture has become more modernized, it will probably never lose its connection to a philosophy that was established thousands of years ago. â€Å"Policy-makers around the world are constantly finding different ways to incorporate traditional Chinese medicine into public health systems. †6 One consequence to the many practices being spread worldwide is the impact traditional Chinese medicine has on environmental sustainability. China cannot provide all the ingredients to fulfill domestic and international demands. In Australia, manta rays are threatened because their gills are dried and boiled and used as a health remedy. The World Wildlife Foundation is currently teaming up and working with the Chinese government to promote alternative routes of treatments without the use of animal parts. Western medicine often focuses on defects, for instance, how to repair a torn ligament, reduce cholesterol or eliminate bacteria. It focuses and revolves around pathology. Chinese medicine is concerned with relieving pain and reversing the effects of disease. Chinese medicine is often complex and difficult for people to understand what it really is exactly. This is because it is based on the principle that what happens to one part of the body affects every other part of the body. In Chinese medicine, the mind and body are not viewed separately similarly as organs and structures are viewed as connected internal structures that work together to make sure the body is functioning well. Many of the ideas emphasized in traditional Chinese medicine are not even related to Western medicine. One such concept is ‘qi,† which is responsible for controlling the human mind and body. â€Å"Qi flows through the body through channels, which are called meridians. There are 20 meridians and 12 primary meridians that correspond to specific organs. †7 Imbalances in the flow of qi cause illness and the correction of the imbalance brings the body back to balance. Although acupuncture is one of the biggest treatments to treat illness, there are many other techniques such as acupressure, moxibustion, massage techniques, herbal medicine, diet and lifestyle changes, meditation and exercise. Even after reading this paragraph, one may still have trouble comprehending what it is, but there is little doubt of traditional Chinese medicine’s effectiveness. Several studies have reported that these types of treatments have had success in treating a wide range of illness and conditions such as nausea, vomiting, tennis elbow and even back pain. Many Western-trained physicians have also seen the positive effects from traditional Chinese medicine and now offer it to patients and some even include acupuncture as a treatment. Many Americans are using acupuncture, herbal remedies and other treatments through traditional Chinese medicine than before. Whether looked at as a complimentary treatment or primary one, traditional Chinese medicine is on the rise around the world. Despite its significantly different approaches to well being, many people use both Chinese and Western medicine at the same time. It has been proven time and time again how traditional Chinese medicine has been effective and successful in treating different ailments and illnesses. The evolution of Chinese medical techniques has surprisingly not changed drastically. Many of the treatments used for thousands of years are still used today because they proved to be beneficial for the body and reaped positive benefits for the human body functions and rid of illness. Bibliography Chinese Medicine: History, Traditional Four Methods of Diagnosis. † TravelChinaGuide. Accessed April 24, 2013. http://www. travelchinaguide. com/intro/medicine. htm. â€Å"The Evolution of Chinese Medicine. † The Evolution of Chinese Medicine. Accessed April 24, 2013. http://www. traditionalstudies. org/chinese-medicine/23-cm-about-chinese-medicine/cm-about/62-the-evolution-of-chinese-medicine.  "The Globalization of Chinese Medicine | Globalization101. † Globalization101. Accessed April 28, 2013. http://www. globalization101. org/the-globalization-of-chinese-medicine/. â€Å"Historical Time Line of Chinese Medicine. Historical Time Line of Chinese Medicine. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://www. traditionalstudies. org/chinese-medicine/23-cm-about-chinese-medicine/cm-about/61-historical-time-line-of-chinese-medicine. â€Å"History of Acupuncture. † Academy of Classical Oriental Sciences History of Acupuncture Comments. Accessed April 28, 2013. http://www. acos. org/articles/history-of-acupuncture/. â€Å"TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) and Five Element Styles of Practice. † About. com Taoism. Accessed April 27, 2013. http://taoism. about. com/od/qigongchinesemedicine/a/TCM. htm. â€Å"Traditional Chinese Medicine History. Traditional Chinese Medicine History. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://www. china4u2. com/TCM_History/tcm_history. html. —â €”————————————– [ 1 ]. â€Å"Chinese Medicine: History, Traditional Four Methods of Diagnosis. † TravelChinaGuide. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://www. travelchinaguide. com/intro/medicine. htm. [ 2 ]. â€Å"Historical Time Line of Chinese Medicine. † Historical Time Line of Chinese Medicine. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://www. traditionalstudies. org/chinese-medicine/23-cm-about-chinese-medicine/cm-about/61-historical-time-line-of-chinese-medicine. [ 3 ]. Historical Time Line of Chinese Medicine. † Historical Time Line of Chinese Medicine. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://www. traditionalstudies. org/chinese-medicine/23-cm-about-chinese-medicine/cm-about/61-historical-time-line-of-chinese-medicine. 4 â€Å"TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) and Five Element Styles of Practice. † About. com Taoism. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://taoism. about. com/od/qigongchine semedicine/a/TCM. htm. [ 4 ]. â€Å"TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) and Five Element Styles of Practice. † About. com Taoism. Accessed April 29, 2013. http://taoism. about. com/od/qigongchinesemedicine/a/TCM. htm. 5†³History

American Culture

Every person has his/her own way of surviving life. We have our own beliefs that keep us alive. We have a set of rules that are set by the perspectives we kept even when we are still young. With this, we have ideas that differ from others. Religion is a part of our being that can define the person that we are in a lot of circumstances before our religions have its own set of moral and ethical values. Christianity for example is a widespread religion that was also used to conquer a number of countries around the world.However, Christianity has this certain belief about the life after someone’s death. This is patterned with the life of Jesus Christ who serves to be the Savior of the World from God’s punishments for being sinners. Religion has developed as time passed by having a number of trials and oppressors. In America, religion has also changed the way leaders and its people look into life. An example is that, people who believe in their religion depend on it at times of cruelties. They face difficult times in different ways such that there are those who call for Buddha and for God.Moreover, American life changed in having slaves by which, they have abolished the notion of having slaves that would cater their needs like some household chores and farm works. Reports show that slavery in America can be seen widely among its places especially in the northernmost colonies. Since for Christianity, the Bible say that the story of men also has some slaves, punished people, it is allowable that 40% of the families there own a slave. But Mennonites in the year 1688 tried to raise that slavery must be opposed and from that time, there had been arguments of removing this set – up.Even if there were â€Å"good slaveries†, they argued that being a slave itself is very degrading. It may lower the self – esteem of a person and might give them a perspective that their life are a little worthless than their bosses. Revolution was done to end this cruel set – up. There are also movements against the Christians who pursued doing bad things with other people with lower status than they have. It was with the revolts of these oppressed that they realized that the worth of other people be treated with significance.American until now might be enslaved by the thought of being superior if there are no other forces who tried to oppose them and make their spirits be awakened. In the sermons of Jonathan Edwards, he stated that God was with him the time he was all alone. For that matter, I think that with this very strong belief, Americans are able to be living with the likeness of spreading goodness especially when they are being sinners themselves for a long time. Religion has become the moving force of America that draws them close to civilization and developments.Moreover, it can move them to a life that is more productive and meaningful. Religion caused a lot of change in America that should be well taken in the minds o f its students as Educations has also been the priority of the government. Immigrants American has been termed to become the salad bowl by which many people from other countries settle. With that, there are many cultures that are being inside it for a long time. There is an argument though that American is not a salad bowl but a melting pot of people. Salad bowl is a set up by which all its ingredients are mixed together but not altering its shape and composition.This is what we call in science a heterogeneous mixture that apparently still has the characteristics of it components detectible. On the other hand, melting pot defines a homogeneous mixture that makes its constituents one. For instance, America being a melting pot described that the culture of the people who migrated there might have forgotten their own culture and had been accustomed with living like the true Americans. But can there be real Americans given that there are already many circumstances that they have been mi xed with other cultures years ago?Generally speaking, the immigration of people will more likely be causing the American a confusion of culture that will show that there is no specific culture in the country. Moreover, the risk of having immigrants will take them to a situation that will really reduce their privileges of expressing their own as they may want to have a good relationship with others. It may be noted though that the effects of the immigrant vary from time to time. When America has not yet settled its forces that will protect it from oppressors, it is very open with the people and countries that have bad and greedy motives over the country.It is only during the last 2 centuries that America has established a force that will prohibit other country to terrorize them and eventually, conquer it again. Luckily, America as of the moment stands tall with the ideology of being superior among the others. It was on the survey that there is only a very few percentage of Native Ame ricans in the State today. Approximately 1% of them are those with the pure blood of Americans. There were very little accounts that clearly state the original occupants of America.In what I have heard for a long time, America has been occupied by the red Indians which were also told to become the true native occupants of America. It was only when some White Americans tried to colonize the Indians that they were put on a situation not to oppose but to leave. Having a lot of settlers in America is both good and bad for some reasons. Good because the country is giving a number of opportunities to other people regarding careers and jobs. On the other hand, it is somehow a negative thing since immigration might be opening the country again to an occurrence of colonization.It may open the avenues of the terrorist to populate the country and soon become conquered by other nations. References Thomas Paine. (1776). The Crisis. Retrieved 19 May 2008 from http://www. ushistory. org/paine/cris is/c-01. htm John Edwards. (2008). Personnal Narrative. Retrieved 19 May 2008 from http://www. apuritansmind. com/JonathanEdwards/JonathanEdwards-Biographical- EdwardsPersonalNarrative. htm J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur. Letters from an American Farme. Retrieved 19 May 2008 from http://xroads. virginia. edu/~hyper/CREV/letter03. html

5 Steps on How to Sound like Mozart in a Music Term Paper Full Guide

5 Steps on How to Sound like Mozart in a Music Term Paper Full Guide Everyone has apparently heard about such a great composer as Mozart. His symphonies are surely listened by thousands all over the world. In fact, his musical works have been celebrated, studied, and performed when he hardly began composing music. Always want to know what inspires people to create prominent art pieces? We hope that our complete guide on how to write a music term paper will be effective for writing your music term paper. As an academic paper is referred to music, get inspired by the famous Mozart’s works to establish fame as a brilliant student at a college or university. What Topics Can Be Covered in My Term Paper? As a term paper is the main research that is written by a student for a particular class or subject during the school year, the topics must: Refer to the subject in which you are going to write a paper. If you’re a student of Music, find a topic that would be related to the main concepts in music genres, styles, history, expressive techniques, etc. Limit the research area in which you’re going to investigate a topic. If a topic is too broad or narrow, it will be difficult to research. Even if the research area is Music, specify what you’re going to work on. Be reasonably practical in the academic world. If a topic interests only you as a researcher (maybe, it seems to you that it is easy to deal with it), be sure that it may be of little interest among the others. Choose the topic that could double the value of your work. The following list of topics meets all the criteria above mentioned. All of them are divided into subcategories. Just look at the topics and start to work on one of them. Genres of music. There are various genres of music to speak about. Don’t talk about taste in music. Be objective while presenting genres. For example, you can explain how they affect the listener. Orchestral and Symphonic Music: Main Features that Attract the Listener; Jazz Age: Its Role in World Culture; Reggae Music: Identity, Place, and Representatives. History of music. According to the BBC article, the prehistory of music begins about 40,000 years ago. It means there are some issues that can interest the modern scientists. Early Humans and Music: What Are the First Forms of Music Expression; The History of Country Music: From the Early 1920s to Present; The Origins of Popular Music: Its Distribution to Large Audiences. Philosophy of music. By nature, a human being is always engaged in philosophical speculation. Music is an area in which people have different philosophical perspectives as well. Musical Perceptions Differ from Generation to Generation; A Phenomenology of Music: What Is Beyond the Sound Phenomena?; Aesthetics of Music: What Makes Music Aesthetically Pleasing? Music in Commercials. Nowadays, music is everywhere. Many commercial companies use music as an effective way to influence an audience. Does Really Music Affect Brand Perception?; The Meaning of Music for Commercial Needs: What Works, What Doesn’t and Why; What Types of Music Are Used by Commercials? Music as therapy. Today it is possible to receive treatment in different ways. One such means is music therapy. The Effects of Music Therapy on Human Health: Is It Effective Today?; Practical Means of Using Music with the Therapeutic Effect; Approaches to Music Therapy Used in the 21st Century. If you decide to deal with the topics suggested in the list, you should read all the available background material. It allows you to: get an overview of the topic; know how many information sources you can rely on; appreciate the research rationale. How to Select a Topic for My Term Paper by Doing It Myself? After all, find it hard to know what topic exactly suits your academic interest? You have several options choose something interesting from our list or invent your own. Try to choose the most valuable one on your own like the ability to develop a good research topic is not less important than the writing skills. Focus on keywords or concepts that may be interesting for you in Music. Like composers and their outstanding artworks? Write them down. Proceeding from keywords, you can go ahead. Define the narrow aspect from which you’ll use the keywords. Want to discuss the effects of music on human beings? It isn’t a good idea to investigate this issue from the perspective of musical trends. Focus on your research questions. Know what you want to cover in a research paper? Great! Specify the questions that you want to answer while researching. Start researching a topic to answer questions. Asked yourself but don’t know the detailed answers to the research questions? You can read the encyclopedia articles, for example, the Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Don’t be afraid to modify your topic during the research process. After you decide on what topic you’ll explore on paper, be ready to change it slightly. This is normal practice when a researcher finds some aspects more interesting and feasible. Remember that you need to do some research and reading before the final topic can be selected. On these grounds, it is reasonable to think of writing a term paper in advance. What Strategies Are Effective for My Term Paper Writing? Most college students are so impatient that skip the essential stage prewriting. As a rule, such impatience often turns out to be costly. Moreover, the kind of writing without proper preparation can be much more time-consuming than you can imagine. What is better for a carpenter to prepare all necessary wooden objects beforehand and then work with them altogether, or work with a wooden object, then go to the woods to take one more, and do it again and again? Think of the writing process like in any job. Take enough time to plan and get your ideas organized on paper. Only after that, you should start the first draft. The Writing Center of the University of Kansas offers some useful prewriting strategies. To write a term paper, you are highly recommended to: Use mind mapping. It is a graphic way to capture all your ideas. You place a topic in the center of the page and draw a circle around it. Different words, phrases, and ideas that come to your mind are written around and circled as well. Connect the related circles. Continue as long as you have the complex map of your thoughts. Below is an example of a mind map created for the topic: ‘Cultural Production of the 21st Century: Is a Remix Reality or Invention?’ Make an outline. It is an important skill that every student should have. It involves the ability to present the main ideas or facts about something, without giving details. This way of organizing your thoughts saves greatly your time. Start freewriting. It means that you’ll start expressing all your ideas from your head on paper or computer screen in full. Concentrate on writing itself without paying attention to grammar, spelling or punctuation. Just write for 5-10 minutes non-stop. If you adopt all these strategies for your writing, be 100% sure that you will stop struggle with any written assignment. What Steps Are Vital for Writing A Research Paper? The procedure of writing is definite and should be followed to produce an A+ term paper. Our step-by-step guide is to help you to know the peculiarities of good academic papers. 1.  Ã‚   Hunt for Information Sources Asking, â€Å"Where to find sources that would add credibility to my research paper?† Firstly, you should know what type of information is needed: Want to know the latest news? Visit such broadcast media sites as BBC or PBS. Need the background information? Consult an encyclopedia. Want to underpin your paper with the statistical data? Click on the statistical portal. Need research on a topic? Find scholarly articles by subject from the database. Need information on music events? Scroll the website of a popular magazine. Secondly, you should know 3 types of sources: Primary sources present the original materials on which your research can be based. They are speeches, reports, articles, surveys, dissertations, recordings, artworks, etc. Secondary sources contain the information provided by primary sources. Examples of secondary sources are bibliographies, reviews, monographs, etc. Tertiary sources provide an overview of what the topic includes (a terminology, the background information). They include dictionaries, encyclopedias, guidebooks, indexes, etc. However, they aren’t so acceptable in academic researches as the previous ones. After you find a necessary source from which you can take information for your research paper, you need to have a notebook at hand. Just write down the author’s name, some facts or evidence near it and a page number if it is a book. It will be much easier to fill in a reference page. Additionally, there are more chances to grasp some valuable ideas while browsing through resources. 2.  Ã‚   Draw an Outline of Your Term Paper Previously, we explained why it is important to outline any paper. It’s time to get prepared for excellent writing. Only if a properly structured outline is in front of your eyes, you’ll manage to structure the whole research paper properly as well. Take care to mention all the necessary points. Then, you can delete some if you consider them unessential for your term paper. 3.  Ã‚   Work on the First Draft After notetaking, creating an outline, it is quite significant to write drafts, at least a draft. It is just a rough copy that you will have to shape, edit and strengthen along the way towards an A+ term paper. Focus on the content. Measure the flow of information mentioned in an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Stick to the point; Compose logically complete parts; Vary sentence length from simple to complex. Use smooth transitions between sentences; Avoid too long sentences and too short paragraphs. 4.  Ã‚   Write the Final Version of a Term Paper Now, you’re ready to start writing a term paper with the detailed presentation of the factual evidence, a proper structure, a reasonable accuracy. Pay attention to the features of an academic paper. It should attempt to be accurate, impersonal and objective. Study some examples of writing in your subject area. Then, you can proceed to your own writing by developing your own writing style. 5.  Ã‚   Give the Finishing Touches to Your Paper Yes, you can breathe out after the full point is placed at the end of your paper. However, you shouldn’t ignore the stage where the final editing is planned. Look through your paper several times. It would be much better if you could find enough time to read it aloud several times. You’ll be able to notice all possible errors in grammar or spelling. Be as precise as possible when giving facts or figures, and providing someone’s words a name, source, year, page should be noted. Keep in mind that there is a notable difference between citation styles (APA, MLA, Harvard, etc.) Check your assignment to be sure that you write according to the particular formatting style. Well done! Finally, your paper can be successfully submitted if you follow properly all the steps in pre-writing/writing/post-writing. You will notice how simple it becomes to deal with a term paper if you’re supported with the correct guidelines from your instructor or our professional custom paper writing service.

Brave New World The Advancement Of Science

Brave New World: The Advancement Of Science Essay, Research Paper Brave New World: The Advancement of Science Christy Campbell Mrs. Doig Eng OAC 2 16 May, 1996 When thought of advancement, most people think of progresss in the scientific Fieldss, believing that most finds and engineerings are good to society. Are these progresss every bit good as most people think? In the novel Brave New World, the writer Aldous Huxley, warns readers that scientific progresss can be a menace to society. This is peculiarly apparent in the Fieldss of biological science, engineering and psychological science. Harmonizing to Huxley, # 8220 ; The subject of Brave New World is non the promotion of scientific discipline as such ; it is the promotion of scientific discipline as it affects human persons # 8221 ; ( Huxley CLC 79 290 ) . One scientific progress of which Huxley warns readers of is that in biological science. In the scene of Brave New World, henceforth referred to as the reserve, the mass production of worlds is accomplished with the Bokanovsky procedure. In this procedure, human existences are genetically engineered in research labs. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will split. From eight to 96 buds, and every bud will turn into a absolutely formed embryo, and every embryo into a full sized grownup # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 4 ) . One of the menaces of this familial genteelness is that no household structures exist on the reserve. Alternatively, worlds are raised in conditioning Centres. R.T. Oerton points out that # 8220 ; Present cognition indicates, for case, that a kid can non be deprived of parents or parent figures, as were the kids in Brave New World, without enduring enduring pathological harm to his personality. # 8221 ; ( Oerton CLC 7 308 ) . Another menace that the Bokanovsky procedure airss to society is that life is non extremely valued. # 8220 ; Murder kills merely the single and, after all what is an single? With a sweeping gesture he [ Mr. Foster, manager of hatcheries and conditioning ] indicated the rows of microscopes, the test-tubes, the brooders. We can do a new one with the greatest ease-as many as we like # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 133 ) . Human life holds no value because it can be easy replaced through the Bokanovsky procedure. Furthermore, Bokanovsky # 8217 ; s method of mass production prevents individualism, as on the reserve, all people are cloned. Get downing from the clip of decanting, each embryo is genetically cloned to fall into one of the assorted societal categories. Within each societal category, all members are cloned to be intellectually and physically tantamount. Biological engineering helps to accomplish this equality by genetically determining the heads of society. In Brave New World, one # 8217 ; s intelligence depends on the sum of intoxicant injected into their embryo. For illustration, one of the lower categories in society, Epsilons, have rather a high sum of intoxicant injected in the decanting procedure. Mental module, hence, is predestined from the minute of cloning. By making a universe where worlds are mass produced, Brave New World demonstrates that progresss in biological science can be unsafe if used without respect for the well being of the human race. Harmonizing to Huxley, progresss in engineering can besides be a menace to society. In Brave New World, everything is wholly mechanised, extinguishing the demand for creativeness and imaginativeness. Huxley warns us against mechanisation, reasoning# 8220 ; the machine dehumanizes work forces by demanding mechanical efficiency of them # 8221 ; ( Hillegas 114 ) . Man # 8217 ; s creativeness is replaced with everyday undertakings, because machines are able to make much of the work. The businesss available for people on the reserve, consist of insistent mechanical operations. In Brave New World, leisure activities are dominated by engineering. The primary beginning of amusement is the # 8220 ; feelies, # 8221 ; a type of film theater in which all the senses are unnaturally created. Alternatively of experiencing the emotions portrayed on screen, the audience absorbs stimulated esthesiss. These stimulations prevent them from free idea, which threatens society by denying people from sing their ain creativeness and imaginativeness. Furthermore, engineering affects amusement by being incorporated into all games of drama. Games consist of advanced technological setup, and low organisation, making really superficial amusement. Harmonizing to Huxley, this frustrates one of humanity # 8217 ; s critical demands to be originative. # 8220 ; Men no longer divert themselves creatively but sit passively amused by mechanical devices # 8221 ; ( Hillegas 115 ) . Among technological progresss, one danger Huxley warns of is the progress in pharmacological medicine. In Brave New Wo rld, an unreal signifier of felicity is present in a drug called haoma. Soma propels the user into a hallucinatory dream universe, supplying alleviation from negativeness, leting changeless felicity Peoples are rewarded for work by having rations of haoma. The soma ration varies harmonizing to the societal categories, with the lowest categories having the least, and the highest categories having the greatest. Society is conditioned to believe that # 8220 ; One cubic centimeter remedies ten glooming sentiments # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 53 ) . This concluding deceives the user into believing that haoma is a cure- all redress. Since haoma has no side effects, it can be a menace to society because people may be drugged into a hallucinatory dream universe 24 hours a twenty-four hours. It could be used as a drug non to get away the force per unit areas of life, but to flight life itself. Similar to biology, engineering can be a danger to society if used without respect for the public assistance of world. Finally, the most unsafe of all scientific promotions Huxley warns of, is the advancement in psychological science. In Brave New World, every individual is conditioned. The first conditioning technique used is subliminal preparation. This type of psychological science is utilised to plan thoughts into single # 8217 ; s heads by a method called hypnopaedia. Hypnopaedia consists of repetitive messages that play over a speaker unit during slumber. These repeats are composed of socially accepted ethical motives and values. # 8220 ; All conditioning purposes at doing people like their unescapable societal destiny. # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 13 ) . This bounds persons from researching life and developing their thought of felicity when# 8220 ; felicity # 8221 ; is already predetermined in their heads. Harmonizing to Huxley, his# 8220 ; # 8230 ; main scheme was to demo that the learned felicity of Brave New World cuts work forces off from deep experience, keeps them from being human. # 8221 ; ( Hillegas 118 ) . Direct stimulation is used as another conditioning technique. On the reserve, society is conditioned against love, nature, literature, and other signifiers of look that are of course desired by adult male. To status babes against nature and literature, they are mildly shocked while meeting books and flowers placed before them. Therefore, this direct stimulation causes them to hold an natural hate of flowers and books. Harmonizing to reserve accountants, # 8220 ; A love of nature keeps no mills busy # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 19 ) . Ethical motives and values, which usually through the turning up procedure can be discovered on their ain, are brainwashed into society # 8217 ; s heads. This direct stimulation is harmful to society as it prevents people from make up ones minding upon their ain ethical motives and values. Another signifier of conditioning in Brave New World trades with decease. From the early age of 18 months, kids are exposed to decease while playing with playthings and eating confect. Therefore ensuing in an ageless association between felicity and decease. Death conditioning can be unsafe to society as kids become unable to separate between good and evil. In add-on, sexual conditioning is present in Brave New World. From a really immature age, sexual drama is normal and encouraged in everyone. Together, 100s of kids play sexual games in the nude. Besides, more than one sexual spouse is encouraged, ensuing in the absence of committed relationships. This absence of committed relationship creates a universe without deep feelings of homo fondness. Society is conditioned to believe # 8220 ; Everyone belongs to everyone else # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 35 ) . Unfortunately, these psychological promotions cause the reserve to be a universe without single idea. Each individual is conditioned into a life, which is believed to be most advantageous for them. Thomas D. Clareson points out that # 8220 ; The Brave New World is mindless # 8230 ; it # 8217 ; s citizens are # 8216 ; nice tame animate beings # 8217 ; # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Huxley, DISC ) . The conditioning methods in Brave New World take away all freedom of pick and determination in society. The society depicted in Brave New World is to many, a scaring one. Though, it may be more of a world than is soon thought. Society must guarantee that scientific discipline is altering to accommodate human demands, instead than altering the human race to accommodate scientific discipline. With the increasing advancement in biological science, engineering and psychological science, this may be an impossible effort to get the better of. The universe may one twenty-four hours be without individualism, emotions or free idea. In Brave New World, the scientific progresss show to be a menace to society, where # 8220 ; One could of class, exist. . . # 8221 ; though, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; One could not-in the fullest sense of the word-live in it. # 8221 ; ( Wright 87 ) .

Biography of an American Public Activist Elizabeth Birch Essay

Biography of an American Public Activist Elizabeth Birch - Essay Example In 1992, as she narrates in her interview, Lotus Development Company had extended their services for the provision of domestic partner benefits; an initiative that she thought would highlight the company’s commitment to its employees, who she believed deserved the same. She contends that as the attorney for gay employees, she felt conflicted on whether she could stand by the gay people and still maintain professionalism as an advocate. This was because in Apple Inc there was normal grassroots process within which employees were building cases for domestic partner benefits. The experience of this woman offers the exact case in regards to how gays were being viewed by the majority or some of the individuals in the state. This then offers an analytical basis of stating the perception and the stereotypes held at the time. Elizabeth narrates that once employees were to provide the cases for the domestic partner benefits they built their cases and sent it to the human resource depar tment. This, she notes, was the undoing of the Apple gay and lesbian community as the human resource department came up with excuses of how not to implement such. Some of the excuses were that for the implementation of such to take place, it would cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. The consequences of this were highlighted by the rejection by Apple’s board of directors. This decision enraged Elizabeth who notes that since she was well known worldwide as the advocate for the gay and lesbian and for providing institutions and municipalities with advice regarding the implementation of sexual non-discrimination policies and domestic partner benefits, the move by the Apple board of directors was unacceptable and was in contradiction with what she believed.